Colloids,Drops and Cells胶体、液滴和细胞（全英文）

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Preface to the USTC Alumni''s Series
Preface
Chapter 1  What Are Colloids?
??1.1 Colloids and the atoms: counting the atoms
??1.2 Micro-rheology Probe the material properties at microscopic level
??1.3 Laser tweezers--Apply external force to nanoparticles
??1.4 Colloids
????1.4.1 Miniature of the physical world and tangible .models of the atomic world
????1.4 2 lnteligent colloids
Chapter 2 Colloids and Phase Transitions
  2.1 The hard sphere model
????2.1.1 The van der Waals picture of fluids
????2.1.2 Close packing of spheres as the principle of crystal structure
????2.1 3 Hard sphere model for disorder-order transit''ion
??2.2 Model colloidal hard sphere systems
????2 2.1 Minimizing van der Waals interaction by refractive index matching
????2 2.2 Stabilization
????2.2.3 Model Colloidal Hard Spheres
??2.3 Properties of hard sphere dispersions
????2.3.1 Phase behavior
????2.3.2 Equation of state continuing Perrin''s measurement at higher ??concentrations)
    2.3.3 Rheology of the fluid and metastable fluid states
    2.3.4 Crystal structures
    2.3.5 Crystallization kinetics
  2.4 Colloids in space
    2.4.1 Surprising observations
    2.4.2 Crystallization kinetics
  2.5 Confocal Imaging: Catch the critical nucleus
  2.6 How well do we understand nucleation?
  2.7 Applications of colloidal crystals
  2.8 Single crystal growth in a temperature gradient
Chapter 3 Microfluidics
  3.1 Make emulsions drop by drop
  3.2 Emulsion crystallization to measure the nucleation rate of colloidal crystallization
  3.3 Living cell encapsulation
    3.3.1 Colloidosomes
    3.3.2 Layer by layer coating
    3.3.3 Agarose droplets generation
    3.3.4 Yeast cell encapsulation
    3 3.5 Tailor the transport property of the microencapsules by LbL coating
????3.3.6 Enhancement of the mechanical stability of the microencapsules by hand-particle coating (Colloidosomes)
??3.4 Cell manipulation by microfluidics
Chapter 4 Biocoiloids
??4.1 Biocolloids
??4.2 The cell volume change before freezing
    4.2.1 The equilibrium volume ofacell
????4.2.2 The non-equilibrium volume of a cell
??4.3 The change of cell volume during cooling/freezing
????4.3 1 Rapid cooling
????4.3.2 Slow cooling
????4.3.3 Optimal cooling
????4.3 4 Modeling the volumetric response of a cell to freezing
??4.4 Other mechanisms of cryoinjury
    4.4.1 Cryoinjury during the Storage Period
    4.4.2 Cell injuries in the warming process
    4.4.3 ''Cold Stock'' Injury
  4.5 Banking cells at their dried state
    4.5.1 Brief History of Freeze Drying
    4.5.2 Freeze-Drying Process and Its Control
    4.5.3 Some cells having been dried
Reference

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There are many pioneers in this field who have promoted importantdevelopments to freeze-drying in the last 60 years. Owing to efforts of EarlFlosdorf, Ronald Greaves, and Francois Henalff , the massive production offreeze-dried human plasma was used extensively during World War II whichhad saved many lives. Sir Ernst Boris Chain, the Nobel Laureate forpenicillin, introduced freeze-drying for the preparation of antibiotics andsensitive biochemicals. Charles Merieux opened .wide new area for theindustrial production of sera and vaccines.
Recently, some progresses have been made in freeze drying blood cells.In 1993, Sowermimo and Goodrich have firstly reported thathydroxyethyl starch （HES）, glucose and their mixtures are new alternative of"bulking" agents of dried red blood cells. With liposomes as a model, Crowe -JH studied effects of HES and glucose on membrane stability, finding thatboth glass formation and depression of Tm in the dry lipids are required.
Weinstein et al. investigated the effects of rehydrated erythrocyteafter freeze drying by re-infusing them into the original donors, anddiscovered that the cells survive normally in the circulation with no adverseclinical effects except some slight decrease of deformability. Sowemimo etal. studied on the performance when the rehydrated, lyophilized humanred cells are stored at 4~C. Goodrich Jr et al. studied the possibility oflyophilizing RBC in a manner that maintains normal metabolic and enzymaticfunctions upon rehydration.